الشرك يقع في الأمة بسبب الجهل بالدين الصحيح الذي جاء به النبيصلى الله عليه وسلم. المبحث الأول: الجهل

137 Netanel's work was virtually unknown beyond his native Yemen until modern times, so had little influence on later Jewish thought• Denis Gril, Miracles, , Brill, 2007	Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, Robert G
	Kafih Jerusalem, 1984 , ch

الأدلة الشرعية على أن الجاهل يعذر في مسائل الشرك والكفر

These sources contain internal complexities, anachronisms, discrepancies, and contradictions.

المبحث السابع: شبهة من قال بعدم وقوع الشرك في هذه الأمة وردها: 5, "One major challenge to examining initial contacts between Byzantium and the early Muslim umma arises from the controversy surrounding the traditional Islamic account
الأدلة الشرعية على أن الجاهل يعذر في مسائل الشرك والكفر: "Muhmmad," Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world• Moreover, many of them provide evidence of embellishment and invention that were introduced to serve the purposes of political or religious apologetic
الشرك يقع في الأمة بسبب الجهل بالدين الصحيح الذي جاء به النبيﷺ. صواب خطأ


	Hitti, History of the Arabs, 10th edition 1970 , p

Peter Teed 1992 , p.

الشرك يقع في الأمة بسبب الجهل بالدين الصحيح الذي جاء به النبيﷺ. صواب خطأ
المبحث السابع: شبهة من قال بعدم وقوع الشرك في هذه الأمة وردها: sources are not contemporaneous with the events they purport to relate and sometimes were written many centuries later
1000 سؤال في التاريخ الإسلامي: Lapidus 2002 , pp 0

	Ideally, one would like to be able to check such accounts against contemporary evidence
597, which notes that many of the details surrounding Muhammad's life as given in the biographies, are "problematic in certain respects, the most important of which is that they represent a tradition of living narrative that is likely to have developed orally for a considerable period before it was given even a relatively fixed written form	See, for example, Bowersock, Glen Warren, Peter Robert Lamont Brown and Oleg Grabar Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World 1999, Harvard University Press p

The Bustan al-Ukul, by Nathanael ibn al-Fayyumi, edited and translated by David Levine, Columbia University Oriental Studies Vol.

وقوع الشرك في الأمة: El-Cheikh, Nadia Maria Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs 2004, Harvard University Press p
المبحث الأول: الجهل
نبوءات الرسول محمد: however, there is no relevant archaeological, epigraphic, or numismatic evidence dating from the time of Muhammad, nor are there any references to him in non-Muslim sources dating from the period before 632