137 Netanel's work was virtually unknown beyond his native Yemen until modern times, so had little influence on later Jewish thought• Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, Robert G | |
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sources are not contemporaneous with the events they purport to relate and sometimes were written many centuries later | The Bustan al-Ukul, by Nathanael ibn al-Fayyumi, edited and translated by David Levine, Columbia University Oriental Studies Vol |
however, there is no relevant archaeological, epigraphic, or numismatic evidence dating from the time of Muhammad, nor are there any references to him in non-Muslim sources dating from the period before 632.
2Lapidus 2002 , pp 0 | |
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Hitti, History of the Arabs, 10th edition 1970 , p |
El-Cheikh, Nadia Maria Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs 2004, Harvard University Press p.
Moreover, many of them provide evidence of embellishment and invention that were introduced to serve the purposes of political or religious apologetic |